General view of the city of Harim, Muhafazat Idlib

General view of the city of Harim, Muhafazat Idlib

A side of the walls of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din

A side of the walls of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance - a stone base (spolia) which is the cathedral baptismal font

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, entrance – a stone base (spolia) which is the cathedral baptismal font

Aleppo Great Mosque, minaret, foundation inscriptions on the base

Aleppo Great Mosque, minaret, foundation inscriptions on the base

A side of al-Mudiq castle

A side of al-Mudiq castle

Bab al-Hadid, south-west facade of the gate tower

Bab al-Hadid, south-west facade of the gate tower

Al-Khusrawiyya: Explosion crater where the mosque once stood, 2016

Al-Khusrawiyya: Explosion crater where the mosque once stood, 2016

A modern residential neighborhood in Aleppo

A modern residential neighborhood in Aleppo

An old aerial photo of Husn ar-Rafiqa

An old aerial photo of Husn ar-Rafiqa

Great Mosque, Minaret

Great Mosque, Minaret

Great Mosque, top of the minaret

Great Mosque, top of the minaret

One of the towers of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din

One of the towers of Qalʿat Salah ad-Din

Great Mosque, Minaret

Great Mosque, Minaret

Raqqa, Great Mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq), the courtyard

Raqqa, Great Mosque (al-Jamiʿ al-ʿAtiq), the courtyard

A villa under construction in the Ghuta of Damascus

A villa under construction in the Ghuta of Damascus

Great Mosque, Minaret

Great Mosque, Minaret

A side from historical Qalʿat Masyaf

A side from historical Qalʿat Masyaf

Mosaic decoration in the prayer niche, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Mosaic decoration in the prayer niche, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Damage at the west facade, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Damage at the west facade, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Suq al-Hamidiyya

Suq al-Hamidiyya

Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope

Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, stone arch

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, stone arch

Damages at the upper part of the minaret, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Damages at the upper part of the minaret, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, caves

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, caves

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, cave

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas, a twin crusader castle, cave

Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope

Ruins of Qalʿat ash-Shugr wa-Bakas on the edge of a mountain slope

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat Shugr wa Bekas from the inside.

Jisr ash-Shughur, Qalʿat Shugr wa Bekas from the inside.

Damage pattern, delamination/ separation of wall leaves, San Salvatore, Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig. 14-c, Catalogue of Damage

Al-Jisriyya norias (water wheel), Hama

Al-Jisriyya norias (water wheel), Hama

Damage and burning in a room at the eastern side of the courtyard, Jamiʿ an-Nuri, Homs

Damage and burning in a room at the eastern side of the courtyard, Jamiʿ an-Nuri, Homs